Most GPs will perform some simple, baseline tests. You may be started on antibiotics to treat a presumed infection. However, if the urine test result comes back showing no evidence of infection, you will normally be referred to your Urology Specialist for further investigation.

A detailed history and careful clinical examination will provide insight into the cause of your symptom

Tests such as a PSA blood test (men) , ultrasound or a CT scan of your kidneys and bladder, flexible cystoscopy should be required to ascertain the underlying cause.

Blood in the urine needs to be investigated urgently to exclude the presence of bladder cancer.